Zakharia 1:3-4

1:3 Therefore say to the people: ¹  The Lord who rules over all ²  says, “Turn ³  to me,” says the Lord who rules over all, “and I will turn to you,” says the Lord who rules over all. 1:4 “Do not be like your ancestors, to whom the former prophets called out, saying, ‘The Lord who rules over all says, “Turn now from your evil wickedness,”’ but they would by no means obey me,” says the Lord.

Zakharia 1:19

1:19 So I asked the angelic messenger ⁴  who spoke with me, “What are these?” He replied, “These are the horns ⁵  that have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.” ⁶ 

Zakharia 2:3

2:3 At this point the angelic messenger ⁷  who spoke to me went out, and another messenger came to meet him

Zakharia 4:1

Vision Five: The Menorah

4:1 The angelic messenger ⁸  who had been speaking with me then returned and woke me, as a person is wakened from sleep.

Zakharia 4:4-5

4:4 Then I asked the messenger who spoke with me, “What are these, ⁹  sir?” 4:5 He replied, “Don’t you know what these are?” So I responded, “No, sir.”

Zakharia 5:5

Vision Seven: The Ephah

5:5 After this the angelic messenger ¹⁰  who had been speaking to me went out and said, “Look, see what is leaving.”

Zakharia 5:10

5:10 I asked the messenger who was speaking to me, “Where are they taking the basket?”

Zakharia 6:4-5

6:4 Then I asked the angelic messenger ¹¹  who was speaking with me, “What are these, sir?” 6:5 The messenger replied, “These are the four spirits ¹²  of heaven that have been presenting themselves before the Lord of all the earth.

[1:3]  ¹ tn Heb “to them”; the referent (the people) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[1:3]  ² sn The epithet Lord who rules over all occurs frequently as a divine title throughout Zechariah (53 times total). This name (יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת, yÿhvah tsÿva’ot), traditionally translated “Lord of hosts” (so KJV, NAB, NASB; cf. NIV, NLT “Lord Almighty”; NCV, CEV “Lord All-Powerful”), emphasizes the majestic sovereignty of the Lord, an especially important concept in the postexilic world of great human empires and rulers. For a thorough study of the divine title, see T. N. D. Mettinger, In Search of God, 123-57.

[1:3]  ³ tn The Hebrew verb שׁוּב (shuv) is common in covenant contexts. To turn from the Lord is to break the covenant and to turn to him (i.e., to repent) is to renew the covenant relationship (cf. 2 Kgs 17:13).

[1:19]  ⁴ tn See the note on the expression “angelic messenger” in v. 9.

[1:19]  ⁵ sn An animal’s horn is a common OT metaphor for military power (Pss 18:2; 75:10; Jer 48:25; Mic 4:13). The fact that there are four horns here (as well as four blacksmiths, v. 20) shows a correspondence to the four horses of v. 8 which go to four parts of the world, i.e., the whole world.

[1:19]  ⁶ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[2:3]  ⁷ tn See the note on the expression “angelic messenger” in 1:9.

[4:1]  ⁸ tn See the note on the expression “angelic messenger” in 1:9.

[4:4]  ⁹ sn Here these must refer to the lamps, since the identification of the olive trees is left to vv. 11-14.

[5:5]  ¹⁰ tn See the note on the expression “angelic messenger” in 1:9.

[6:4]  ¹¹ tn See the note on the expression “angelic messenger” in 1:9.

[6:5]  ¹² tn The Hebrew term translated “spirit” here may also be translated “wind” or “breath” depending on the context (cf. ASV, NRSV, CEV “the four winds of heaven”; NAB similar).